What is society? A society is a large-scale system of people bound by shared rules, institutions, norms and structures. It is abstract and institutional. It enables strangers to collaborate at scale. Society is the foundation of a nation. Not all societies are nation states, but all nation states are societies. Beyond nations we have societies such as: The Irish diaspora The European Union Hanseatic League Crypto ‘communities.’ In this essay I will explore society from a nation state...

A definition According to the Corporate Governance Institute, corporate governance is defined as a set of rules, practices and processes used to direct and control an organisation. Boards of directors are the primary force determining corporate governance. Tangibly this covers: Risk management Accountability Compliance Control. Less tangibly: Purpose and direction Decision rights and escalation Information integrity Culture and behaviour Board-executive dynamics. Taking this definition, one...

Abstract As environments become increasingly uncertain, adaptiveness cannot be sustained through adjustment alone. This essay explores innovation as an organisational capability rather than a discrete activity, examining how innovation depends on the interaction between natural and artificial cognition, and why many organisations struggle to convert intelligence into sustained adaptiveness. When adaptiveness is no longer enough Adaptiveness allows organisations to respond to change. It...